web application

The 6th topic of the lecture was about Web Apps. This topic is one of the main topics in information technology. Before going to start this topic our respective lecturer asked us several question in order to know our knowledge about this topic. Later on our respective lecturer gave us an overview about the web Apps. As I was aware of web apps before, so when she explained it became clearer to me.

Web Apps contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images that lead to related information and it is collection of electronic documents. Then she continued her lecture by explaining about the Web application. A web application is an application that is accessed by users over a network such as the Internet or an intranet. Web applications may display, create, and manage images, audio, videos, and data which can be stored and retrieved from the Server. To carry on the next session our respective lecturer explained us about the types of web which are Static and dynamic web page

After that she explained the generations of the web. There are three generations of the web with the name of Web 1.0 Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. The categories of web 2.0 were also discussed in class which are online social networking, Mash ups and aggregates. Online social networking websites function like an online community of internet users while mash-up is a web site that takes different content from a number of other web sites and mixes them together to create a new kind of content.

 The best example for web 2.0 application technologies are XML, AJAX, Tagging’s, Blogs, Wikis, Really simple Syndication and Pod and video casting. About XML, she explained that XML is the abbreviation of Extensible Markup Language and it’s for Web Documents (2.0) and also it contains structured information including words and pictures. Another example which she described was about AJAX which derived the meaning of acronym referring to Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.

Later on, different types of PL (Programming Language) were explained by lecturers which are High level language and low level language. High level language known as, A machine-dependent language while on the other side low level language known as more user friendly or assembly language. Machine language uses a series of binary digits (1s and 0s) or a combination of numbers and letters that represent binary digits and assembly language can be define as Program is written using symbolic instruction codes and also uses symbolic memory addresses. Furthermore, she explained about the three m fourth and fifth generation language. 

 To conclude, I got very interesting information during this lecture. I believe that this lecture will be really helpful for me.

Internet application and World Wide Web

Internet and World Wide Web is second last topic of information technology (IT). In our tutorial lab class our beloved lecturer explained about that topic. Before she started lecture, she asked students whether they had some knowledge about internet and worldwide web or not .Some students tried to explain their knowledge about internet and www.  After getting our point of view, she started to explain that topic more clearly.

 First of all, she explained about internet. Internet is largest network in the world that connects people all over the world and it has been using in different fields all over the world from last few decades. To build over knowledge about the use of internet around the world we came to know some of the applications of the internet such as, access information, Send (upload) or receive (down load) files between computers and share resource

Then she explained about history of internet. As I was well aware about its history, so it became clearer to me.The most interesting thing is that internet is providing various kinds of facilities to its users such as, E-mail, chat room, protocol, IR and instant message. She explained each facility very well. I was able to get the concept of the web server and web client.

I was quite able to differentiate between web server and web client. Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name and Web client end user PC. She provided knowledge about transfer protocol that is the set of rules/software that computers use to move files from one computer to another by using internet. At last she taught about chat rooms VoIP and news group. According to my awareness, chat rooms are channel/medium/location on Internet that allow people to chat with each other while VoIP(voiceover Internet Protocol) uses internet to make people call/video call and allow people to speak other users over internet through Skype and yahoo voice.

To sum up, this part of lecture was really interesting and we were able to get fruitful knowledge about internet and www.

Database management system

Database is one of the topics in information technology (IT).At first she gave us brief description about database. Database is an organized collection of data, Collection of information, arranged and presented in alphabetical order. It is widely used in hospital, banks, colleges and universities in different ways. It is also used in different companies in the form of information system.

We also came to know about functions of database as it can store, organize and control data. I was quite able to understand the concept about components of database. Data item and schema are the basic components of database. Our  lecturer did good justice in delivering the knowledge about database architecture which consists of actual database, hardware to process and store the data, software to manipulate the contents and people to administer the access, control and modification of data.  She gave some knowledge about Database Management System, its examples and some features.

Database Management system is a software package for manipulating databases and it is denoted by DBMS.  Its examples are MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft Access, SQL Server, FileMaker, Oracle, RDBMS, dBase, clipper and FoxPro. I found some interesting features of DBMS as it allows users to create new database and it gives users the ability to modify the data using appropriate language.  Different types of languages of DBMS are DDL (Data definition language), DML (Data manipulation language) and Structured Query Language (SQL). Then she further explained about DBMS components which are field, record, table, key field, relational database and objects. 

But when she explained about each component I felt some difficulties to understand this concept as it was quite new information for me. But later on I was able to understand it and then I found it really interesting

 I got some knowledge about one to one, one to many and many to many relationships. The last part was database models and the definition of database models is the structure, characteristic, description and organization of database. Types of database model are hierarchical database, network database, relational database and object-relational database. She explained each type very clearly and I was able to get rich knowledge about database and all other information about it

information system

The third topic was about information systems and the system methodology. In the first class of this topic our respective lecturer asked us about the basic knowledge about the information system. First, she asked students whether they had some concept about information system.

 Some of students explained it very well. After that she gave an overview about the information system. Information system is a combination of hardware, software and telecommunication networks that people build and use to collect create, distribute the data and information in an organization. 

In brief we can say information system is a software based solution used to analyse the information. Moreover, in information system, we have to monitor the IS module which is input-processing-output. Our lecturer was quite able to explain the types of information system. 

The five most important information systems are Transaction Processing System (TPS), Decision Support System (DSS), Expert System (ES), Management Information System (MIS) and Executive Support System (ESS).

After having the knowledge about the types of information systems we came to know where to use the information system in order to make the efficient use of each information system. In addition we also came to know the reason of using the information system in any business and organization. At first I was not familiar about the using of information systems but after having the class about the information system now I have clear concepts about the use of each information systems. The functions that information systems play in an organization are divided into two types. One is operation support system and another is management support system.

Moreover, information in any organisation is divided into three sectors, such as strategic, tactical and operational. This information is used by the different level of job employee. I got knowledge about all three sectors and it was really interesting for me to know about this type of information. 

However, first sector is operational and it is used by the low level manager such as administrator, supervisor, clerk, and librarian and so on. They use this information system in order to collect the data. The second level of information is tactical and it is applied by the middle level manager and people use this information in marketing department, finance department and library department as well. 

And the last level of information is strategic information which is high level information and this information is used by the top level manager in an organization.

After this, we have also learnt about the components of information system. There are six components of information systems such as procedure, hardware, software, database, telecommunication and people. These six parts are so important for the information system. 

If there is any part missing then it will effect on the whole information system as well.  During the next class our respective lecturer explained more about one of the most useful information system named transaction processing system (TPS). According to my awareness, transaction processing system is a computer based system which records all the data from every business operation throughout the whole department. Our lecturer also explained about the features of this system.

In our next class our  lecturer explained about the system methodology which is the sub-topic of information system. In this class, our lecturer asked some questions about previous lecture to know our level of understanding. Then she started her lecture about system methodology. That is all about a conceptional model used in project management and it also describe all the stages used in the information system management.

 Then she provided some knowledge about six participants in system methodology such as project manager, stockholder, users, programmer, and system analyst and support personnel. In addition there are seven kinds of information system development methodology exists in the technological world among them three are most important. The most important three methodologies are SDLC, PROTOTYPING and STRADIS. 

To sum up, I really gained a lot of information as it was little bit new information for me and our lecturer tried her level best to make us understand this topic.

ICT and IT

During my previous classes, I came to know about computer.Now I have enough knowledge about computer generations.I know about the processors that the previous computers used.I also gained knowledge about the types of computer before advanced ones.As Miss Nisha explained very well about IT and ICT. So I am able to differentiate between IT and ICT .So below, I would explain little bit about IT and ICT.

Basically,IT stands for information technology and ICT stands for information and communications technology.ICT is similar to IT but refers to communication technologies. We can say that usage of ICT is wide.even though every industry uses ICT to manage and process information.Healthcare,educational,business,governmental and specially science industries use ICT in a wide range.

 For the demonstration of IT, she explained its concepts1.IT architecture2.IT infrastructure’.IT architecture is a plan or map of information which assets in an organization, but IT infrastructure are physical facilities like ‘IT component ‘IT services’ and ‘IT personal’. So,finally what i have learn from this topic is usage of ICT in different industries and sectors.so based on this,I am able to identify the groups that get benefit from application of ICT in different industries

Data and Information

We have learned about computer operation system that was about instruction given to computer by using different processes.We also learnt about the input ,output , storage and processing of compute .when we perform an operation and give instruction as a input ,then computer start processing and give us output as an information. We also learnt about the whole process of computer to store data when use operations to get output.

After that, we learnt about the evaluation of computer. The 1^st generation computer was “Electronic numerical integrator and computer “(ENIAC) that was invented in 1940-1950 by using Vacuum tubes. Then vacuum tubes replaced by transistors in second generation and transistors replaced by integrated circuits (micro-chips)in third generation of computer. After that, VLSI, ULSI replaced the integrated circuits in fourth generation and the last one is fifth generation and the future one also.We also learnt about the upcoming 5^th generation of computer by using artificial intelligence. This generation will be very useful because computer can think, feel and learn about everything.

To sum up, I have learn about the courses outline, assessment method,blog development, portfolio ,lab assignments  and lecturer’s  information. I found this subject quite interesting

Introduction

Now I am in the last trimester in Foundation studies.This time I have registered for last ICT course. If before this I took Information Literacy and Introduction to Computer and Internet, now I am in Information Technology. 

My lecture for this course is Miss Khairunnissa. As usual, we had a session to know each other first and ice breaking.

this time I will share with all of you my new knowledge about Information Technology.